Fontana di Trevi at a glance
Location: Piazza di Trevi, Rome (between the Quirinale and the Pantheon. 10 min walk from either) | Entry: Free (always) | Crowds: 30,000-50,000/day peak season. Best at 4am-7am or winter weekday mornings | Water: Aqua Virgo aqueduct, 19 BC, 21 km long, still active | Coins: €1.4 million/year to Caritas Roma | Fine for wading: €500
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The fountain and the 2,045-year-old water supply
The Fontana di Trevi's water comes from the Aqua Virgo (the Aqueduct of the Virgin, built by Marcus Agrippa in 19 BC to supply the Baths of Agrippa in the Campus Martius). The Aqua Virgo origin legend: a young girl ('virgin') showed Agrippa's soldiers a spring in the fields approximately 21 km east of Rome (near the modern Via Collatina in the eastern suburbs), the aqueduct was built from this spring, running underground for its entire 21-km length rather than on above-ground arches as most Roman aqueducts did, which is why it survived the barbarian invasions (the 6th-century Ostrogoth commander Totila cut all above-ground Roman aqueducts in 537 AD to deprive the besieged Rome of water, the underground Aqua Virgo was the only major Roman aqueduct to survive uncut). The Aqua Virgo still runs today, supplying the Trevi Fountain and several other Rome fountains through the same general underground course it has used for 2,045 years (with 19th-century restoration of specific sections). The fountain end-point: the Roman aqueducts that entered the city from the hills ended at a 'terminal', a mostra (display) at the lowest point of the aqueduct's run, where the water was publicly displayed before distribution. The Trevi Fountain is the baroque mostra of the Aqua Virgo, the 1732 architectural extravaganza that Nicola Salvi built to mark the terminus of a 2,000-year-old water supply. The Nicola Salvi commission: Pope Clement XII announced a competition for the redesign of the Trevi mostra in 1730. The commission was initially awarded to Luigi Vanvitelli (the architect who would later build the Reggia di Caserta) but Clement XII reversed the decision and awarded it to Nicola Salvi in 1732. Salvi designed the fountain. Construction continued after his death, completed by Giuseppe Pannini in 1762. 30 years after the commission. Salvi died in 1751 without seeing the fountain finished. Rome guide
Fontana Di Trevi: tours & tickets
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The coin-throwing tradition: the specific rule is one coin thrown over the left shoulder with the right hand, guaranteeing a return to Rome. Two coins: a return to Rome plus a romantic encounter. Three coins: a return to Rome plus a marriage. The tradition was popularised by the 1954 film Three Coins in the Fountain (not the 1960 Fellini film, which is the artistic reference, the 1954 Hollywood film was the commercial tourist-generator). The specific coin collection: the Caritas Roma charity collects the coins from the Trevi Fountain floor three times per week, averaging €1.4 million per year (the annual total has fluctuated between €1.1 million in low-tourism years and €1.5 million in peak years). The fine for entering the fountain: €500 for wading, since the 1999 municipal ordinance, enforced by dedicated Trevi Fountain police officers. The €150 fine for sitting on the fountain rim has been enforced since 2016. The best Trevi visiting strategy: arrive between 4am and 6am (the fountain is illuminated until approximately 1am. Between 1am and 4am it is cleaned. From 4am it is illuminated and empty of tourists, the specific experience of having the entire Fontana di Trevi to yourself exists for approximately 90 minutes per day in summer). Winter weekday mornings (January-February, 8am) give approximately 50–100 visitors rather than 30,000. The Trevi detail most visitors miss: the right side of the facade (looking at the fountain, on your right) has a small stone barrel carved into the architecture at the corner of the side street (Vicolo del Puttarello side). The barrel is the symbol of a specific conflict between Nicola Salvi and a barber whose shop on that corner was allegedly blocking the light during construction. Salvi placed the barrel specifically to block the barber's view of the completed fountain as revenge.
What is the Fontana di Trevi?
The Fontana di Trevi (Trevi Fountain, Piazza di Trevi, Rome, free entry always; 10 minutes walk from the Pantheon or the Spanish Steps) is the largest Baroque fountain in Rome (26 metres high, 49 metres wide) and the terminus of the Aqua Virgo aqueduct (built 19 BC by Marcus Agrippa, the most ancient continuously operating piece of Roman water infrastructure). The fountain was designed by Nicola Salvi (commission 1732) and completed by Giuseppe Pannini in 1762. The coin-throwing tradition generates €1.4 million per year, all donated to Caritas Roma.
How much money is thrown into the Trevi Fountain?
The Trevi Fountain coins: approximately €1.4 million per year (€3,800 per day average) is thrown into the Fontana di Trevi by tourists. The coins are collected by Caritas Roma three times per week and used entirely for food help programs for Rome's poor. The annual total has ranged from €1.1 million to €1.5 million depending on tourism volumes. The coin rule: one coin over the left shoulder with the right hand = return to Rome. Two coins = romantic encounter. Three coins = marriage. The tradition was popularised internationally by the 1954 Hollywood film Three Coins in the Fountain.
What is the best time to visit the Trevi Fountain?
Best Trevi Fountain visiting times: 4am-6am in summer (the fountain is illuminated, empty of tourists, the only time you can be alone with it in peak season). Winter weekday mornings 7-9am (50-100 visitors versus the 30,000+ of peak summer days). And any visit in January-February (the least-crowded Rome months). The specific summer crowd reality: between 10am and 10pm in July-August, the Piazza di Trevi holds 300-500 people at any given moment, a crowd so dense that photography of the fountain without other tourists in the foreground is impossible. The anti-tourist strategy: the fountain is equally well visible from the balcony of the gelateria (ice cream shop) on the left side of the piazza, buy a gelato and watch from above.
What film made the Trevi Fountain famous?
The Fontana di Trevi in cinema: the 1954 Hollywood film Three Coins in the Fountain (directed by Jean Negulesco) was the first major international film to use the Trevi Fountain as its primary visual reference and established the coin-throwing tradition in international tourist consciousness. The 1960 Federico Fellini film La Dolce Vita (Marcello Mastroianni and Anita Ekberg wading in the fountain at night in the most famous Italian film scene) transformed the fountain into the specific symbol of Roman dolce vita sensuality. Attempting to recreate the Ekberg scene: illegal since 1999 (€500 fine for wading). The Rome police have arrested and fined many tourists attempting to recreate the scene.
What is the Aqua Virgo aqueduct?
The Aqua Virgo (Aqueduct of the Virgin, built 19 BC by Marcus Agrippa, the general and son-in-law of Emperor Augustus) is the only major Roman aqueduct to have survived the 6th-century Ostrogoth invasions intact. All other major Roman aqueducts were cut by Totila's forces in 537 AD. The Aqua Virgo survived because it runs entirely underground (unlike the above-ground arched aqueducts). The aqueduct is 21 km long from its spring source near the modern Via Collatina to its Trevi terminus. It has been supplying water to Rome continuously since 19 BC. 2,045 years of uninterrupted operation. The Aqua Virgo also supplies the Piazza di Spagna Barcaccia fountain (1626) and several other central Rome fountains.
What is the hidden barrel detail at the Trevi Fountain?
The hidden barrel on the right side of the Trevi Fountain facade (looking at the fountain, it is on the right, at the corner with Vicolo del Puttarello): a carved stone barrel (botte) embedded in the architecture at the corner. The specific story: during the Trevi construction in the 1730s-1740s, a barber whose shop occupied the corner building was allegedly obstructing Nicola Salvi's work and complaining about the building disruption. Salvi responded by placing the barrel specifically to block the barber's view of the completed fountain from his shop window. The story is repeated by Rome guides and is recorded in 18th-century accounts, the barrel is genuinely there, visible to anyone who looks at the right side of the fountain.
Planning your Trevi Fountain visit?
Arrive 4-6am for empty piazza + throw coin left shoulder right hand + find the hidden barrel right side + check €500 wading fine.
Plan my trip →What is the Trevi Fountain restoration?
The Fontana di Trevi was last comprehensively restored 2014-2015 (the €2.2 million restoration funded by Fendi, the fashion house, the specific 'Fendi for Fountains' program that also restored the Quattro Fontane and contributed to the Palazzo della Civiltà Italiana restoration in the EUR district). The 2014-2015 restoration: the travertine stone cleaning (removing 250 years of deposits), the repair of the water system, and the reinforcement of the sculptural elements. Previous restorations: 1998 (partial cleaning); 1963 (the last major structural restoration before 2014). Current maintenance: the ACEA water utility performs regular maintenance of the water system. The coins are collected 3 times weekly at dawn.
What is the Trevi Fountain at night?
The Fontana di Trevi at night (illuminated with LED lighting since 2015, the specific warm-white illumination that gives the travertine a golden quality different from the flat daylight appearance): the fountain after midnight is significantly less crowded than the daytime hours (approximately 200-500 people at 1am versus 10,000+ at 3pm in July). The specific Trevi midnight experience: the illuminated fountain, the steam from the warmer water surface on cold nights (October-March), and the quieter piazza give the most specifically cinematic version of the Trevi. The La Dolce Vita connection: Fellini's 1960 midnight-fountain scene with Anita Ekberg was filmed specifically at night, the fountain in daylight is a tourist attraction. At night it is a Baroque theater. The walk to the Trevi at midnight from the Spanish Steps (15 minutes) or from the Pantheon (8 minutes) is the most specifically Roman night walk.
What is the Anita Ekberg Trevi Fountain scene?
The Trevi Fountain midnight scene in Federico Fellini's La Dolce Vita (1960, shot over several nights in summer 1959 at the actual Trevi Fountain): the actress Anita Ekberg (as Sylvia, the American actress) wades into the fountain in her black evening gown at midnight, beckoning to the journalist Marcello (Marcello Mastroianni) to follow her. The scene's specifics: the water was cold (the Acqua Vergine is consistently cool even in summer, the thermal spring water is geothermal, not solar-heated). Ekberg was reported to have found the cold water tolerable while the crew and Mastroianni were freezing. The sequence was filmed in multiple takes over two nights. The scene's ending: the fountain waters stop (the aqueduct controllers turning off the flow at dawn) as Marcello reaches the fountain rim, he never enters the water. The scene is the specific cinematic definition of Rome-as-myth.
What is the Barcaccia fountain at the Spanish Steps?
The Fontana della Barcaccia (the Sinking Boat Fountain, Piazza di Spagna, Rome, at the base of the Spanish Steps. Free access) was designed by Pietro Bernini (father of Gian Lorenzo) in 1626 for Pope Urban VIII (Maffeo Barberini, the Barberini pope whose family crest includes bees, which appear as decoration on the fountain). The specific barcaccia form (a boat sinking at water level) was chosen because the Acqua Vergine aqueduct delivers very low water pressure at this point (the aqueduct runs almost entirely underground at very low gradient), a conventional fountain jet would have been pathetically thin. Pietro Bernini's engineering solution: design a fountain that requires almost no pressure, a boat sinking below the pavement level, with water simply overflowing from the central boat into the surrounding basin at ground level, requiring minimal hydraulic pressure to operate.
