Destinations · City guide

Vigevano Guide

Vigevano is a city of 63,000 inhabitants in the province of Pavia in Lombardy, 36km west of Milan and 12km north of Pavia. Its Piazza Ducale, conceived by Ludovico il Moro Sforza and...

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Vigevano is a city of 63,000 inhabitants in the province of Pavia in Lombardy, 36km west of Milan and 12km north of Pavia. Its Piazza Ducale, conceived by Ludovico il Moro Sforza and largely designed with the involvement of Leonardo da Vinci between 1492 and 1494, is, by the consistent judgment of architectural historians, one of the most harmonious and complete Renaissance squares in Italy. The competition for the title of "most beautiful square in Italy" produces different winners depending on the criteria: Piazza del Campo in Siena (medieval, unique, perfect), Piazza Navona in Rome (Baroque, theatrical), Piazza San Marco in Venice (unique, overwhelming). But for pure Renaissance urban design, the creation of an ideal enclosed space through careful proportional relationships - Vigevano's Piazza Ducale makes a claim that few can credibly challenge. It is visited by a fraction of the people who queue at Piazza San Marco. This fraction is their advantage.

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Piazza Ducale

Piazza Ducale di Vigevano is an enclosed rectangle (134 × 48 metres) surrounded on three sides by uniform porticoed facades, arcades of equal height and rhythm, with painted lunettes above each arch (originally decorated, now mostly faded but legible). The fourth side is the Cathedral facade (added in 1680, Baroque, slightly disrupting the Renaissance unity, but Baroque of excellent quality). The Castello Sforzesco (the Sforza castle, the actual residence of Ludovico il Moro) connects to the piazza through the Torre del Bramante (Bramante's tower, 1492, yes, Bramante was also here). The entire sequence, castle, tower, porticoed square, cathedral, was conceived as a unified architectural ensemble for the specific purpose of impressing visitors approaching the Sforza court. It worked. It continues to work.

The Castle and Ducal Square of Vigevano 2008 Touring Club Italiano GR Lombardia@1013
The Castle and Ducal Square of Vigevano 2008 Touring Club Italiano GR Lombardia@1013 · photo Touring Club Italiano · CC BY-SA 4.0 · via Wikimedia Commons

Leonardo in Vigevano

Leonardo da Vinci had a documented connection to Vigevano through his relationship with Ludovico il Moro. He designed hydraulic works for the irrigation system of the Lomellina (the agricultural plain around Vigevano, then and now one of Italy's most productive rice-growing areas), and his drawings of the area's water management systems are in the Codice Atlantico. The extent of his involvement in Piazza Ducale's design is debated among historians, some attribute the square's proportional system directly to Leonardo, others give primary credit to Bramante. The truth is probably collaborative. The Museo Civico of Vigevano (inside the castle) documents the Leonardo-Vigevano connection.

Questions About Vigevano

How do I get to Vigevano?

By train from Milan: approximately 1h on the regional service from Milan Porta Genova to Vigevano. By car from Milan: 36km, 40 minutes on the SP494. From Pavia: 12km, 15 minutes. Vigevano makes an excellent half-day trip from Milan or a natural stop between Milan and the Certosa di Pavia.

What is the shoe museum in Vigevano?

Vigevano is Italy's shoe capital, the city and the surrounding area produce approximately 20% of Italian leather footwear. The Museo Internazionale della Calzatura (inside the castle) documents the history of shoe production from ancient to contemporary, with an extraordinary collection of historical footwear. The shoe industry of the Vigevano area employs thousands and its factory outlets (scarpe di fabbrica) are the destination of Milanese bargain hunters who make the 36km drive specifically for this. If you want to buy Italian shoes at factory prices: the industrial area east of Vigevano has outlets that aren't on any tourist map but are well-known to Lombard residents.

Curiosità su Vigevano

Ludovico il Moro (Ludovico Maria Sforza, 1452-1508), il signore che commissionò la Piazza Ducale, è uno dei personaggi più affascinanti dell'Italia rinascimentale. Era mecenate di Leonardo da Vinci, di Bramante, di Cristoforo Solari. Sposò Beatrice d'Este, una delle donne più intelligenti e colte del Rinascimento (morta a 22 anni nel 1497, con grave dolore di Ludovico). Perse il Ducato di Milano nel 1499 quando Luigi XII di Francia invase l'Italia, fu catturato e morì prigioniero in Francia nel 1508. La sua committenza a Vigevano appartiene agli anni del massimo splendore sforzesco (1492-1499), prima del collasso. La piazza è quindi il prodotto di un momento di fiducia assoluta nel futuro, il fiducia di chi non sa che tra sette anni perderà tutto. Questa inconsapevolezza le dà una perfezione che nessun progetto realizzato nella consapevolezza della propria caducità avrebbe potuto avere. Vedi anche: day trips from Milan · Certosa di Pavia · Pavia.

Quello che gli Altri Non Ti Dicono su Vigevano

La cosa più importante di Vigevano che le guide non dicono: la Piazza Ducale al mattino presto (prima delle 9am) e la sera dopo le 20:00 è essenzialmente vuota, pochissimi turisti arrivano così presto o restano così tardi, e la piazza appartiene ai vigevano-si che la attraversano andando al lavoro. In questi orari, i portici suonano diversamente (i passi si moltiplicano nell'eco), la luce cambia completamente rispetto alla piena illuminazione di mezzogiorno, e lo spazio recupera la qualità di spazio vissuto piuttosto che di monumento visitato. Il ristorante sotto i portici che serve risotto alla Certosina (riso delle risaie della Lomellina con frutti di mare d'acqua dolce, carpe, persici, gamberi di fiume, lumache) è uno dei piatti più interessanti della cucina lombarda ed è disponibile localmente a prezzi di trattoria (informal family-run restaurant). Il risotto e la piazza rinascimentale insieme: la ragione migliore per venire a Vigevano.

Piazza Ducale

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